In recent years, Huanggang City has continuously explored and innovated, successfully building an integrated monitoring system spanning sky, space, ground, and water engineering, greatly improving the efficiency and precision of river and lake supervision, forging a solid defense line for the protection of river and lake ecological environments, and becoming a model in the field of river and lake governance in Hubei Province.

    In river and lake monitoring, Huanggang City has employed advanced technical means such as satellite remote sensing, drones, high-point video, and BeiDou devices to achieve all-round monitoring and perception across sky, space, ground, and water engineering. Using satellite remote sensing technology, it has built a high-resolutionsatellite imagerymonitoring system that fully covers the city's 114 listed lakes and the shorelines and ecological spaces of 625 rivers longer than 5 kilometers. The system can combine basic data such as lake management scope delineation results, shoreline planning, and river-related construction approvals to conduct all-round, all-weather, and high-precision inspection and control, accurately identifying and marking areas suspected of problems, and realizing fixed-frequency monitoring of the overall macro picture of rivers and lakes through the "sky" network. UAV high-definition aerial imaging technology serves as an "aerial sentinel," with an "aerial reconnaissance team" formed to conduct comprehensive inspection and aerial photography of 16 rivers and lakes with city-level river and lake chiefs, ensuring no blind spots in smart inspection. This measure effectively compensates for the shortcomings of satellite imagery in identifying small-scale "four disorders" problems, enabling rapid review and confirmation of identified issues, timely grasp of real-time river and lake dynamics, and providing more detailed and precise information for river and lake supervision.

    In on-site monitoring, Huanggang City has fully established a four-level river and lake chief system covering city, county, township, and village levels, covering all rivers, lakes, and reservoirs in the city, with a total of 5,161 four-level river and lake chiefs appointed, achieving full coverage of river and lake management and protection. Staff conduct on-site reviews, carrying out field inspections of suspected problem patches identified by remote sensing and drones, and strictly follow the closed-loop management mechanism of "discovery—verification—assignment—rectification—closure" for river and lake-related issues to ensure problems are properly resolved.

    In addition, Huanggang City has strengthened the monitoring and maintenance of water conservancy facilities, using sensors and other technologies to obtain real-time facility operation data, promptly identify and repair problems, and ensure that water conservancy facilities maximize their effectiveness in flood control, irrigation, and water supply. Through regular inspections and theinformatized management platformdata sharing is achieved, providing reference for river and lake governance decisions, while also facilitating management units to promptly grasp project operation conditions, improving management efficiency and the scientific nature of decision-making.

    Relying on communication base stations along the route, Huanggang City has built a "Smart Waters" platform encompassing 88 high-point videos, 6 radars, 3 AIS base stations, 2 checkpoints, and other perception systems, initially establishing a unified supervision framework for "one river and six systems," achieving high-point video monitoring coverage of about 80% for the main stream of the Yangtze River, about 60% for radar, and about 70% for AIS base stations. Functionally, the platform achieves unattended operation, automatic operation, remote management, intelligent inspection, and orderly management of the entire process of extractable operations in sensitive waters. In terms of business scope, it has established a closed-loop management framework for multi-department joint law enforcement on behaviors related to fishing, sand, birds, and drowning prevention, effectively integrating resources and avoiding redundant construction and investment. With radar, AIS base stations, high-point video, and checkpoint monitoring as carriers and application software as the core, the platform has built a linkage mechanism of automatic identification by AI algorithms plus precise early warning by mid-end application software and automatic dispatch by the back-end command center, greatly enhancing the intelligence level of supervision.

    To solve the difficult problem of river sand mining supervision, Huanggang City has built a smart sand and gravel supervision platform. The platform uses thermal imaging equipment installed on communication towers to solve the problem of identifying and monitoring sand mining vessels at night and in foggy weather. Through the platform's alarm analysis and review capability, it determines vessel speed and duration of presence in an area, filtering out the vast majority of passing vessels and reducing false alarms. When a vessel's speed remains close to a certain low value for a period and the vessel continuously presents a hot spot, the platform automatically determines it as a suspected illegal sand mining case and issues an early warning, while also enabling snapshot capture of sand mining vessels, real-time pop-up warnings, and alarm recording, providing a basis for subsequent evidence collection of illegal activities. In addition, the platform has multi-terminal warning notification functions, enabling warning notifications to reach the monitoring center, guard booths, and patrol personnel (APP), achieving an organic combination of "human defense" and "technical defense." The platform has promptly stopped nearly a hundred illegal sand mining activities, effectively protecting river sand resources.

    In the process of river and lake governance, Huanggang City has strengthened collaboration among water conservancy, environmental protection, agriculture, and other departments, established information sharing mechanisms, and achieved the integration of river and lake monitoring data with water conservancy facility operation data. Through departmental coordination and cooperation, a joint work force is formed to jointly advance river and lake ecological protection and water conservancy project management, enhancing overall governance effectiveness.

    The innovative practices of river and lake governance in Huanggang City have promoted the transformation of supervision means from "human defense" to "human defense + technical defense," law enforcement means from "single video" to "multi-device linkage," and the law enforcement system from "single department" to "multi-department linkage." This series of measures provides strong support for the long-term protection and dynamic control of the Yangtze River Basin and other waters, helps create a water environment that is "smooth rivers, clear water, green banks, and beautiful scenery," and injects new vitality into the ecological civilization construction of Huanggang City.