No cement, no dust, no welding sparks—as components are spliced and installed one by one, a partition system is completed. Recently, at the site of the prefabricated renovation project for a dormitory building in the Beilun Industrial Park, Ningbo, Zhejiang, workers were carrying out prefabricated decoration. "Our project not only features rapid construction and low noise, but also greatly reduces construction waste."
Prefabricated decoration is a new type of interior decoration method with excellent characteristics such as intensification, craftsmanship, standardization, and green environmental protection, and is widely used in public buildings, commercial buildings, residences, and other fields. Because prefabricated decoration has multiple advantages, it is attracting increasing attention and emphasis. Especially in the rapidly developing modern society, prefabricated decoration is regarded as the interior decoration trend of future development, and can provide people with a more convenient, safe, and comfortable living environment.
The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development proposed in the "14th Five-Year Plan" for the Development of the Construction Industry to actively promote the application of prefabricated decoration methods in commercial housing projects, promote integrated and modular building components, and facilitate the deep integration of prefabricated decoration and prefabricated buildings. The "14th Five-Year Plan" for the Development of Building Energy Efficiency and Green Buildings requires actively developing prefabricated decoration, promoting pipeline separation and integrated decoration technologies, and improving decoration quality. Many places are also actively exploring and supporting the application of prefabricated decoration through issuing policies and carrying out pilot projects.
Flexible and variable design
Prefabricated decoration is a systematic project. Due to its technical complexity and strong systematic nature, the components and parts used need to be produced in factories. Therefore, integrated design in the early stage of the project is very necessary.
Shandong Province, in the technical standard for prefabricated decoration of residential buildings (draft for comments) issued recently, proposed that technical planning should be carried out in the early stage of prefabricated decoration; the scheme design should be carried out under the guidance of technical planning, meet functional use requirements, and design room layout, functional circulation, spatial effects, etc.; component integration and selection should follow technical planning, selecting and designing all components and parts in the project, selecting key components such as floors, walls and wall surfaces, ceilings, interior doors and windows, storage, kitchens, and bathrooms, determining the specifications, performance, materials, and costs of components, focusing on solving connection issues between components, and estimating project costs; detailed design should be carried out after component selection is determined, focusing on detailed node design, detailed design of components and parts, design of customized components, etc., and ultimately completing all design documents for prefabricated decoration.
Prefabricated decoration design should follow a people-oriented design principle and should consider improving the flexibility, adaptability, and variability of interior functional spaces. Integrated design methods should be used to carry out integrated design of partition wall and wall surface systems, ceiling systems, floor systems, kitchen systems, bathroom systems, storage systems, interior door and window systems, equipment and pipeline systems, etc.
Beijing Municipality, in the technical guidelines for the application of wall and floor systems in prefabricated interior decoration (draft for comments), proposed that prefabricated interior decoration wall and floor systems should fully consider the requirements for maintenance and renewal of components, parts, equipment, and pipelines, adopt easy-to-maintain, easy-to-replace, and humanized components, and design easily damaged and frequently replaced parts in a detachable installation manner.
From the construction project of the Guiping Community Health Service Station in Foshan, Guangdong, it can be seen that components and parts use standardized products, and the connection structure follows the design principles of reversible installation and无损 removal, meeting the requirements of easy maintenance and replaceability throughout the building's life cycle. Components and parts can be recombined and utilized, with a reuse rate reaching 70%. Among them, all keels are reused.
Efficient and low-carbon construction
Traditional decoration is mainly based on on-site and wet operations, with multiple trades such as carpentry and masonry working in cross-construction. On-site organization is complicated, management is difficult, and carbon emissions are high.
Prefabricated decoration adopts dry construction methods, pre-manufacturing various decoration components in factories, and then completing the overall decoration through standardized design, size customization, and on-site assembly. It features less resource waste, high construction efficiency, reusable materials, low carbon and energy saving, and can achieve move-in immediately after installation, being safe and environmentally friendly.
The 0701 startup area in Tongzhou District, Beijing, as a fully prefabricated project, adopts prefabricated decoration, using pipeline separation technology, prefabricated modular partition walls, decorative integrated wall panels, dry floor construction (including underfloor heating), integrated kitchens, integrated bathrooms, etc. Among them, the prefabricated modular partition walls are fully prefabricated in factories, with pipelines embedded in the modules and fully assembled on site without any cutting. The partition wall products are highly productized and factory-produced.
Shandong, in the technical standard for prefabricated decoration of residential buildings (draft for comments), proposed that prefabricated decoration should adopt a green construction mode to reduce on-site cutting operations and construction waste. On the one hand, based on the fault tolerance of components and factory customization of non-standard components, on-site cutting operations and construction waste should be reduced; on the other hand, energy-saving and emission-reduction construction management and organization methods should be adopted to reduce environmental impact.
Environmentally friendly and safe material selection
With the development of China's building decoration and renovation material production technology, as well as the establishment and improvement of production and processing bases of building decoration and renovation engineering enterprises, the proportion of factory-processed finished products and semi-finished products used in prefabricated decoration projects is increasing, improving project quality, reducing environmental pollution during construction, and shortening the construction period. Industrialized finished components should be preferentially selected in the construction of prefabricated decoration buildings.
For example, the renovation and decoration project of the multi-function hall of the Quanzhou Building Services Industrial Park in Fujian Province adopted prefabricated decoration. In the wall system, a calcium silicate film-covered wall panel concealed joint system was used, utilizing unique structural components to hide panel joints and make the space more integrated. Calcium silicate film-covered wall panel is a composite board made of silicate rock inorganic board as the substrate and treated by a coating process. The substrate is an inorganic board mainly composed of silicate crystals and natural wood fibers, with stable structural composition and excellent material performance. It does not contain any toxic or harmful substances and has advantages such as high temperature resistance, impact resistance, moisture resistance, mold resistance, no deformation, high strength, and large format.
In addition, Beijing Municipality, in the technical guidelines for the application of wall and floor systems in prefabricated interior decoration (draft for comments), proposed that materials used in wall and floor systems should meet basic functional requirements such as bearing capacity, fire protection, waterproofing, and sound insulation, and materials used in floor systems should also meet basic functional requirements such as slip resistance and wear resistance.
By developing and applying prefabricated decoration, many drawbacks of traditional decoration methods have been solved, the degree of on-site prefabrication has been improved, and green and low-carbon development has been promoted. It is an important lever for supporting intelligent construction and achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality in the construction industry, and an important measure for satisfying people's yearning for a better living environment.
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