With the advancement of urbanization and economic and social development, the people's concept of housing consumption has evolved from "every family having a home" to pursuing "every family having a good home," and the demand for high-quality housing is growing day by day. How to improve housing quality has become a question that must be answered.
At the National Housing and Urban-Rural Development Work Conference held at the end of last year, it was proposed that, centering on building good houses, residential project specifications be issued to raise residential construction standards, starting from aspects such as building storey height, elevators, sound insulation, green features, intelligence, and accessibility. Recently, Lianyungang, Hefei, Linyi and other places have successively issued high-quality residential building design guidelines or regulations, setting specific provisions on construction indicators such as residential storey height, sound insulation and noise reduction, elevator provision, and structural design.
More comfortable spatial design
Residential storey height, a issue of general concern to owners, directly affects the comfort of ordinary people's living. In order to make people's living environment more spacious, Lianyungang City of Jiangsu Province proposed in its recently issued high-quality residential building design guidelines that the storey height of newly built residences should not be less than 3.15 meters; for residences equipped with underfloor heating, ducted fresh air and centralized central air-conditioning systems, the storey height should not exceed 3.6 meters; and the first-floor storey height of low-rise residences should not exceed 4.0 meters. Different cities have put forward corresponding storey height provisions according to actual conditions.
In addition, unit layout design and public space design are also necessary aspects of improving residential quality. The Hefei Urban and Rural Construction Bureau of Anhui Province stated in its newly issued Guidelines for Improving the Design Quality of Residential Buildings (Version 2.0) that outward-opening unit doors should not hinder public traffic or the opening of adjacent unit doors, should avoid blocking safety exits and affecting safe evacuation, and should not collide with fire hydrant cabinets or block elevator buttons. When adjacent unit doors are arranged side by side, the minimum clear distance between door leaves should not be less than 0.4 meters; when adjacent unit doors are arranged in an L shape, the minimum clear distance during the door opening process should not be less than 0.6 meters. In terms of living space layout, storage space should preferably be provided or reserved within residential units. Each residence should have at least one double-occupancy bedroom or a bedroom that also serves as a living room. Independent rooms on the above-ground portion of a residence with functional names such as "study" and a usable area of 5 square meters or more should be regarded as bedrooms.
Better living environment
Residential sound insulation is one of the issues that residents value most and find most troubling.
In order to reduce the impact in this regard, Linyi City of Shandong Province issued technical points for improving residential quality design, requiring sound insulation and noise reduction measures to be taken in residential floor planning: the equivalent continuous A-weighted sound level in bedrooms during the daytime should not exceed 40 decibels; at night, the equivalent continuous A-weighted sound level in bedrooms should not exceed 30 decibels; the equivalent continuous A-weighted sound level in living rooms (halls) should not exceed 40 decibels; for party walls and party floors separating bedrooms and living rooms (halls), the airborne sound insulation rating should be greater than 45 decibels; for floors separating residential and non-residential spaces, the airborne sound insulation rating should be greater than 51 decibels; and the weighted normalized impact sound pressure level of party floors of bedrooms and living rooms (halls) should preferably be less than 75 decibels. When conditions are restricted, the weighted normalized impact sound pressure level of party floors should be less than 85 decibels, and conditions for future improvement should be reserved on the floor; in residential floor planning, when bedrooms and living rooms (halls) are arranged on the side of a noise source, exterior windows should adopt sound insulation and noise reduction measures; when living spaces are adjacent to rooms that may generate noise, partition walls and partition floors should adopt sound insulation and noise reduction measures.
Hefei also put forward specific requirements on building construction in its Guidelines for Improving the Design Quality of Residential Buildings (Version 2.0): residences immediately adjacent to both sides of urban traffic trunk lines should strengthen sound insulation and noise prevention measures, and the exterior doors and windows of their living spaces should adopt triple-glazed two-cavity or laminated insulating glass exterior windows; for triple-glazed two-cavity exterior windows, the glass thickness should not be less than 5 millimeters and the cavity thickness should not be less than 9 millimeters. The airborne sound insulation performance of exterior walls, interior walls, party walls, party floors and exterior windows should comply with the relevant provisions of the Environmental Quality Standard for Noise and the Code for Sound Insulation Design of Civil Buildings. Household distribution boxes, home wiring boxes, etc. should preferably not be installed on party walls; if installed on party walls, measures should be taken at the slots to meet the corresponding wall sound insulation requirements. Integrated roof water tank and pump fire water tanks and fire pressure stabilization and boosting facilities should not be installed above bedrooms, and effective sound insulation and vibration reduction measures should be taken; sanitary fixtures and risers in bathrooms should avoid being arranged on bedroom walls to avoid the impact of noise on bedrooms. Ventilation machine rooms in residential basements for normal use should preferably not be adjacent to residential living rooms; when adjacency is unavoidable, fans should be equipped with sound-absorbing and vibration-isolating measures and should preferably be floor-mounted, and machine rooms and pipe shafts should also be soundproofed.
More reasonable elevator provision
At present, some super-high-rise residential designs have problems such as too few elevators and long elevator waiting times during rush hours. In order to improve residents' travel experience and enhance living quality, Shenzhen City of Guangdong Province requires in its guidelines for improving residential design quality that super-high-rise residences should reasonably allocate the number of elevators based on actual number of users and residents' experience. When the number of households on a standard floor of a super-high-rise residence is 5 or more, the number of elevators per building should preferably not be less than three.
In this regard, the Guidelines for Improving the Design Quality of Residential Buildings (Version 2.0) of Hefei also put forward requirements: when two or more elevators are designed for a residential unit, they should preferably be arranged in groups and adopt energy-saving linked control. The number of households served by each elevator in high-rise residences should preferably be 30 to 60. The load capacity of elevators in residences of four storeys or more should not be less than 800 kilograms, and the clear depth of the elevator waiting hall should not be less than the depth of the largest elevator car among multiple elevators and should not be less than 1.8 meters. Each unit of a residence equipped with elevators should have at least one elevator capable of accommodating a stretcher. At the same time, all residential elevators should reach the attached underground parking garage, and a passage with a clear width of not less than 1.2 meters should be provided in front of the elevator hall leading to the underground parking garage, and no parking spaces should be provided at the passage.
Safer residential quality
Housing quality is the lifeline that high-quality residences must defend, and in particular the construction quality of the main structure and seismic resistance are the focus of owners' concern. The Jiaxing Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau of Zhejiang Province requires in its issued design regulations for improving the quality of residential buildings that the slab thickness of kitchens and bathrooms should not be less than 120 millimeters, the thickness of bay window sill slabs should not be less than 120 millimeters, and the thickness of bay window top slabs should not be less than 100 millimeters (top-floor top slabs should not be less than 120 millimeters). The thickness of cantilevered equipment platform slabs should not be less than 120 millimeters. At the same time, basement top slabs with overlying soil should be reinforced with double-layer, two-way continuous reinforcement, and the reinforcement ratio of continuous reinforcement in each layer and each direction should not be less than 0.25%. The spacing of reinforcement in basement exterior walls should not be greater than 150 millimeters, and the reinforcement ratio in each direction should not be less than the minimum reinforcement ratio of flexural members. For the peripheral shear walls of high-rise residences, the reinforcement ratios of both horizontal and vertical distributed reinforcement should not be less than 0.25%; closed stirrups should be provided on the outer ring of shear wall boundary elements.
The technical points for improving residential quality design of Linyi City put forward requirements for structural design in combination with seismic safety: residential structural design should adopt mature and reliable technologies, processes and materials to meet the needs of green development and sustainability; structural design should adopt structural forms with good seismic performance, and their applicability, durability and seismic performance should meet the relevant requirements of national codes or standards, and may appropriately exceed the requirements of national codes or standards when conditions permit; the content indicators of reinforcement and concrete should be reasonably controlled, and it is encouraged that the design working life of newly built residential structures be not less than 70 years.
While ensuring the quality of the internal structure, attention should also be paid to the quality of the building envelope. The Guidelines for Improving the Design Quality of Residential Buildings (Version 2.0) of Hefei proposes that exterior wall insulation projects should give priority to exterior wall self-insulation, insulation and structure integration systems, and prefabricated new exterior wall insulation system technologies, so as to improve the quality, safety and service life of building envelopes.
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