To achieve quality engineering, one must embody craftsmanship and meticulously handle every step. Many steps cannot be skipped; once you take a "free ride" in the following situations, the consequences will be unimaginable! Safety Section
Responsibility Implementation and Supervision Cannot Be Skipped
The construction site should implement the safety production responsibility system, and safety management measures and systems should be formulated and implemented according to the actual situation of the construction site.
In terms of responsibility implementation, safety production needs to be transmitted layer by layer, with practical responsibility. At the same time, it is also necessary to continuously improve and perfect the safety production responsibility system, sign responsibility statements at each level, implement them level by level, and effectively fulfill safety management duties.
During the establishment of the system, attention should be paid to understanding the project overview, familiarizing with the owner, design, supervision, subcontracting, and material supply units, and clarifying quality standards and progress requirements; reviewing whether the construction organization design is feasible, whether it can meet the requirements of the construction goals, whether relevant quality assurance measures are listed, and whether there are clear acceptance standards; reviewing whether the control of drawing review and design negotiation is complete with relevant procedures, and whether the evaluation content is operable, etc.
Site Optimization Layout Cannot Be Skipped
Before commencement, the project department should reasonably plan and layout the tower cranes, mixers, fire roads, temporary (processing) storage locations for building materials, temporary power for construction, site offices, and warehouses according to the construction site plan. Hidden dangers caused by unreasonable layout should be eliminated at this stage. Some construction sites have buildings within the lifting range of tower cranes, and some temporary houses hinder pipeline layout or traffic. These layout problems will cause many inconveniences during construction, so reasonable planning of the construction site is the foundation and guarantee for safe production in building construction.
Deviation Correction Measures Cannot Be Skipped
Engineering deviation correction is an indispensable construction step. Many problems and hidden dangers are discovered and solved on the basis of correct deviation correction. The construction surfaces involved in building construction are relatively complex, with multiple sub-divisional projects constructed together, and multiple trades working on the same work surface. These complex cross-constructions all require timely deviation correction. Management Section
Personnel Safety Management Cannot Be Skipped
In terms of personnel management, safety production publicity, education, and training should be strengthened to improve personnel professional quality, strengthen construction personnel safety awareness, and make construction personnel keep the idea of "life first, safety first" in mind, and adhere to the insurmountable red line that "development must never come at the expense of safety." At the same time, safety management should be carried out in strict accordance with the "Safety Production Management Regulations for Principal Persons in Charge, Project Managers, and Full-time Safety Production Management Personnel of Building Construction Enterprises," strengthen the implementation of safety responsibilities for projects and key positions, clarify the work duties, work content, and work processes of project management personnel and construction personnel, and implement safety production supervision throughout the entire project, increase construction safety supervision and inspection efforts, and never slacken.
Emergency Plans Cannot Be Skipped
The key point of construction safety management is "prevention." Special rectification work should be carried out, safety production hidden dangers should be investigated and treated, and the regular characteristics of time periods, nodes, and weak links prone to accidents should be summarized and analyzed, and relevant rectification measures should be actively implemented. At the same time, the safety production emergency management system should be improved, safety production emergency rescue preparations should be made, emergency plans should be continuously optimized on the basis of accident risk assessment and emergency resource investigation, and corresponding personnel and equipment should be equipped. In addition, education and training on emergency rescue knowledge should be done well, emergency drills and personnel risk avoidance and self-rescue training should be carried out regularly, and on-site emergency response capabilities of personnel should be improved. Construction Section
Plan Review and Expert Demonstration Cannot Be Skipped
On the one hand, the plan should undergo strict review to ensure construction safety. This must be reviewed and signed by the technical responsible person of the construction unit, stamped with the unit's official seal, and reviewed and signed by the chief supervision engineer, stamped with the practicing seal before implementation. If the procedures are incomplete or signatures are missing, hidden safety dangers may be planted.
On the other hand, expert demonstration cannot be skipped. When the project exceeds a certain scale and is a dangerous major project, the construction unit should organize an expert demonstration meeting to demonstrate the special construction plan. Before the expert demonstration, the special construction plan should pass the review of the construction unit and the review of the chief supervision engineer. If the special construction plan is approved after demonstration with modifications, the construction unit should modify and improve it according to the demonstration report, and then the special construction plan can be implemented after being reviewed and signed by the technical responsible person of the construction unit, stamped with the unit's official seal, and reviewed and signed by the chief supervision engineer, stamped with the practicing seal; if it is not approved after demonstration, the construction unit shall re-organize expert demonstration according to the requirements of these regulations after modification.
Material Management Cannot Be Skipped
High-quality engineering cannot be separated from high-quality materials. In material selection, adhere to the "six no-use" standard. Before materials enter the site, led by the construction, design, supervision, and construction units, a material certification team should be formed to determine the required materials through market research and comparative analysis, and jointly sign certification sheets.
(1) If unqualified steel is used, the strength and toughness of the steel structure will not meet the requirements. If these materials are used in building construction, quality problems such as broken reinforcement, cracking, and wall deformation are likely to occur.
(2) If the sand used has a large impurity content: first, substituting inferior materials for good ones, using slightly lower-priced stone powder instead of stone sand or mixing in part of the stone powder when stone sand should be used; second, the sand is not sieved with an iron sieve, and large and small particles are mixed into the concrete together; third, the mud content in the sand is too high, and it is used directly in construction without washing. These practices lead to insufficient concrete strength. After sampling and pressing, it does not meet the requirements. When used in foundations, it is easy to induce pile foundation deviation and foundation settlement; when used at the top, top cracking and leakage occur.
(3) If bricks are not used as required, but local red bricks are used, due to differences in clay quality and added coal quality, the compressive strength is obviously not up to standard. When such bricks are used for bottom wall masonry, wall cracks are likely to occur.
(4) If the cement strength is insufficient and the concrete strength grade does not meet the standard, it will seriously affect the strength of the components and pose a serious threat to the bearing capacity.
Construction Disclosure Cannot Be Skipped
Some construction sites neglect management of technical disclosure. Many disclosure steps are more formal than substantive, and workers often operate based on experience, which will bring a great impact on construction quality. Common problems are as follows.
(1) During construction, the reinforcement spacing is large, the reinforcement ratio is small, and the reinforcement is insufficient, which easily causes cracking of concrete components and quality problems of wall or top cracks.
(2) Materials are not checked before use. Long-term storage causes cement to become damp or stored for too long, resulting in reduced cement strength and changed performance, or steel bars rusting in the rain, affecting the firmness of bonding with cement mortar.
(3) During wall masonry construction, dry bricks are put on the wall, causing the workability of bricks and cement mortar to decrease and affecting the stability of the wall.
(4) Wooden formwork and bamboo strip formwork are used in construction, causing loss of cement slurry and reducing the cementing ability between sand and stone.
(5) Vibration is not dense, timely, or uniform, and the water-cement ratio is too small, resulting in loose poured concrete with bubbles or holes inside, causing local reduction in cohesion and forming hidden leakage dangers.
(6) Insufficient concrete curing leads to a lack of water for cement consolidation in the concrete, preventing full hydration, causing overall decline in concrete quality and greatly reducing strength.
"Free rides" are not absolutely forbidden; the key is that the steps and measures that should be done well must never be skipped. The optimization of many construction steps can be called a "free ride," which can save time and reduce costs. But everything should be carried out under the premise of ensuring safety, and not a single step that should not be skipped can be skipped!