1. Minimize the impact of harmful factors

1. Avoid impurities

For construction machinery working in harsh environments and complex conditions, first use high-quality, matching parts, lubricating oil, and grease to block the source of harmful impurities; second, do a good job of mechanical protection at the work site to ensure that the relevant mechanisms can work normally and prevent various impurities from entering the interior of the machinery. For machinery with faults, try to repair it in a regular repair shop. When repairing on site, also take protective measures to prevent the parts replaced during on-site repair from being contaminated by dust and other impurities before entering the machinery.

2. Suitable temperature

During the use of construction machinery, first, prevent overload operation at low temperatures, ensure normal operation during the low-speed preheating stage, and make the machinery reach the specified temperature before driving or working. Do not ignore its important role just because there are no problems at the time; second, prevent the machinery from operating at high temperatures. During operation, frequently check the values on various temperature gauges, stop the machine immediately for inspection if any problem is found, and eliminate faults in a timely manner. For those whose cause cannot be found for the time being, never let the machinery continue to work with faults without treatment. In daily work, pay attention to checking the working condition of the cooling system. For water-cooled machinery, it must be checked and cooling water added before work every day; for air-cooled machinery, also regularly clean the dust on the air-cooling system to ensure that the heat dissipation air duct is unobstructed.

3. Anti-corrosion

During use, management and operators should take effective measures according to the local weather conditions and air pollution conditions at the time to reduce the impact of chemical corrosion on machinery, with the focus on preventing rainwater and chemical components in the air from intruding into the machinery.

2. Reasonable working load

The size and nature of the working load of construction machinery have an important impact on the wear process of the machinery. Generally speaking, the wear of parts increases proportionally with the increase of load. When the load borne by a part is higher than the average design load, its wear will intensify. In addition, under otherwise equal conditions, stable load causes less wear and fewer faults than dynamic load, and the service life is lower.

Ensuring normal working load mainly depends on the operator's use of the construction machinery. First, do not work under a load exceeding the maximum load the machinery can bear; use the machinery within its capacity. As construction machinery management personnel, when assigning operators, hand over the random data and operation manuals of the construction machinery to the operators so that they can normally master the machinery performance and operating procedures, and should not arbitrarily withhold the relevant materials. Second, try to ensure uniform increase and decrease of machinery load, so that the machinery is in a relatively gentle load change. Specifically, increase and decrease the throttle relatively uniformly to prevent the engine and working device from moving abruptly.

3. Scientific use of lubricating oil

According to statistics, more than half of the faults of construction machinery are caused by poor lubrication. Due to the precision of the matching of various parts of construction machinery, good lubrication can maintain normal working clearance and suitable working temperature, thereby reducing the wear degree of parts and reducing mechanical faults. Normal and reasonable lubrication is one of the effective measures to reduce mechanical faults. Therefore, first, reasonably select lubricants. During use, neither low-grade lubricants nor other types of lubricants should be used as substitutes, and inferior products should not be used. Second, frequently check the quantity and quality of lubricants.

4. Timely maintenance and repair

Construction machinery will inevitably have various faults during use. Among these faults, some may have very little impact on the mechanical equipment, some are relatively serious, and some may even cause major accidents with machine damage and casualties. Experience shows that serious mechanical faults are often caused by some minor faults. The reason lies in neglecting the timely handling of minor faults. Therefore, mechanical faults, regardless of size, should be eliminated in a timely manner, so as to maintain the normal performance of the machinery and reduce the possibility of causing larger faults.

5. Correct technical and organizational management

With the development of material science and design and manufacturing technology, many new technologies, new materials, and new structures have been adopted in construction machinery, requiring the technical support and management of machinery to be more scientific and perfect. Therefore, as organizers, managers, and operators of construction machinery, first, pay attention to ensuring that the machinery is protected from damage, deformation, corrosion, etc. during transportation and storage. Second, strictly carry out daily maintenance of the machinery to keep it in good technical condition. Third, educate operators to correctly use and operate various construction machinery to reduce and prevent mechanical faults caused by human errors. Fourth, carefully maintain the machinery, correctly and reasonably carry out regular and irregular maintenance, keep the machinery clean and tidy, regularly check the technical condition of the machinery, handle abnormalities in a timely manner, promptly tighten and adjust loose and misaligned parts, and carry out preventive replacement of some wearing parts, etc.

Construction machinery is a kind of equipment with high investment and high return. People in the industry know that to earn more, costs must be reduced as much as possible. Cost reduction involves all aspects of construction machinery, including the whole machine, parts, fuel consumption, etc. Therefore, everyone should learn more about relevant knowledge to have a clear understanding.