1. Faster upgrading and replacement. With the development of modern high and new technologies, the technological development and innovation of construction machinery products worldwide are more rapid, the replacement cycle is becoming shorter and shorter, product groups are being expanded, and product series are becoming increasingly complete. Major companies in the United States, Europe and Japan have successively launched second-, third- and even fifth-generation new construction machinery products.

　　2. Increasingly stringent environmental protection requirements. For the sustainable development of human society and the economy, the public around the world has put forward increasingly strict requirements for environmental protection. Whether construction machinery has good environmental performance will become one of the important indicators for participating in international market competition, and has now become a "market access permit" in many industrially developed countries. Therefore, the United States, Europe and Japan are all competing to develop construction machinery that is "friendly to people and the environment."

　　3. Small and large specifications develop together. Medium and large construction machinery remains the mainstream of global construction machinery, with annual sales of about US$70 billion, but the trend of construction machinery extending toward both miniaturization and large-scale development is very obvious. The United States, Europe and Japan are the main consumer markets for construction machinery; their large-scale infrastructure construction projects are gradually decreasing, while repair and maintenance work and small urban projects are increasing. In order to save relatively high labor costs and improve work efficiency, various small and micro construction machinery have been introduced one after another. These machines and equipment can carry out construction operations in narrow areas or be used in family residences and small engineering projects.

　　4. Personalization and multifunctionality coexist. The development of project categories, materials and scale, as well as different construction environments, have imposed personalized and multifunctional requirements on construction machinery, while the development of modern design technology and flexible manufacturing technology has created conditions for realizing product personalization and multifunctionality. Personalized products have emerged to adapt to a certain specific working condition, and one machine with multiple uses is another direction in the development of construction machinery, which will undoubtedly improve equipment utilization.

　　5. Innovation and breakthroughs in operating principles. The operating principles of construction machinery include cutting, crushing and backfilling of earth and rock, screening, mixing and heating of geotechnical materials, and paving, leveling and compaction of mixtures. The theories of these operations were originally based on bionics and Newtonian mechanics, while the development of modern science has laid a foundation for new operating principles of construction machinery. For example, the application of mechanical vibration, pulses, jets, photoelectric effects and thermophysics has created conditions for construction machinery to save resources, improve engineering quality, and enhance production efficiency, operational reliability, driving comfort and automation.

　　6. Hydraulic transmission. It began to be applied to road rollers in the 1960s and was promoted and popularized in just over ten years. The travel, vibration, steering and braking systems of existing road rollers have achieved full hydraulic transmission. Hydraulic transmission greatly simplifies the design of the transmission and control systems of road rollers; hydraulic transmission is smooth, convenient and labor-saving to operate, and makes it easy to achieve stepless speed regulation and automatic control, thereby improving the production efficiency and compaction quality of road rollers overall.

　　7. Attention to ergonomics. Since the 1980s, many large construction machinery manufacturing companies around the world have invested considerable manpower and funds in the research and application of modern design methodology. Ergonomics advocates a people-oriented design philosophy and focuses on the mutual coordination between machines and people. The application of electronic technology in construction machinery greatly simplifies the operator's operating procedures and improves the machine's technical performance. Electronic control can be used to automatically select the machine's operating mode; electronic monitoring can be used to promptly discover and eliminate faults in the machine system; and electronic sensors processed by a microcomputer can be used to automatically detect the machine's operating quality.

　　8. Industrial design concepts run through product design. Industrial design is the styling design of industrial products, also called the artistic modeling of products. The styling design of construction machinery can unify the machine's form with its structure, function and use requirements, and coordinate it with human physiology and psychology. This styling design should include appropriate proportions of all parts, smooth shapes, coordinated colors, beautiful instrument layout, as well as convenient visual operation and eye-catching trademark symbols. At present, major companies around the world attach great importance to the industrial design of products, and specialized research and design institutions have even emerged.

　　9. Modular design and virtual manufacturing. Modular design includes what was previously called componentization and generalization, as well as software modularization in the design process. The modularization of design software allows different systems or components to be assembled and parameters to be changed on a computer, thereby greatly accelerating the design and development progress of new products. Information technology and global economic integration have created conditions for virtual manufacturing in the machinery manufacturing industry. Among the major multinational construction machinery companies, an obvious trend is that manufacturers concentrate their efforts on development research and equipment assembly, no longer manufacturing parts and components, and instead pushing this to parts suppliers. Mainframe product manufacturers, parts suppliers and scientific research and development institutions collaborate with one another, giving play to the creative spirit of all parties and jointly developing and producing products that are well suited to market demand.

　　10. The process of mechanical-electrical-information integration and intelligence. Modern construction machinery should be endowed with humanization and intelligence. Intelligent construction machinery is a mechanical-electrical-information transmission integrated system with a thinking brain (microcomputer), sensory organs (sensors), a neural network (electronic transmission), internal organs (power and) and limb bones (working mechanisms and travel devices). The combination of electronic technology and sensors with mechanical devices has realized automatic monitoring and automatic control of construction machinery, namely mechanical-electrical-information integration. Electronic sensors are the sensory organs of mechanical-electrical-information integration and the medium between the machine and its work object. Electronic technology with a microcomputer as the core is the brain and central nervous system of mechanical-electrical-information integration; it receives various information sent in by sensors and, after calculation and processing, issues instructions to the machine's execution part.